Freedom of Information
Human Rights
“Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.” United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 18.
“Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.” Constitution of the United States of America, Amendment I
Individuals have a right to free access to uncensored information, including both data and opinion, and to evaluate the merits of claims for themselves freely and without censorship or restrictive barriers.
Freedom of information comprises more than simply freedom of press. Media outlets across the political spectrum have become increasingly partisanized, employing propaganda techniques to push favored narratives while withholding contrary information and perspectives. Social media and technology companies have increasingly acted as arbiters of truth and permissible speech as critics have alleged bias. Conduct of media and tech companies as partisan agents and collusion with political figures contravene journalistic ethics, erode public trust, and violate principles of freedom of information
Freedom of information facilitates the disclosure and exchange of non-privileged information and non-violent, non-abusive ideas which can rise or fall on the basis of their merits. Individuals have the right to draw their own conclusions on the basis of available information and to engage in good faith public discourse without harassment or intimidation.
Freedom of information is a fundamental human right that is pivotal for the functioning of a democratic society. It refers to the right of individuals to access information held by public bodies. This freedom is essential for transparency, accountability, and the promotion of informed citizen participation in public affairs. Here are some key aspects of freedom of information:
Right to Access Public Information: Freedom of information laws typically provide that citizens have the right to access information held by government agencies and public bodies. This includes documents, records, data, and other information pertaining to governmental operations and decisions.
Transparency and Accountability: By allowing public access to government-held information, these laws promote transparency and accountability in governance. They enable citizens to understand better how decisions are made and how public funds are spent.
Informed Citizen Participation: Access to information empowers citizens to engage more effectively in public life, contribute to policy-making processes, and hold governments accountable for their actions.
Media and Journalism: Freedom of information is crucial for journalists and the media, who rely on access to information to report on government activities and societal issues. It is a cornerstone of investigative journalism.
Limitations and Exemptions: While freedom of information is a fundamental right, it is not absolute. Laws typically include certain limitations and exemptions for reasons such as national security, privacy rights, commercial confidentiality, and the effective functioning of government.
Promotion of Open Government: Freedom of information laws are a key component of open government initiatives, which aim to make government more open, responsive, and accountable to the public.
Digital Access and Open Data: In the digital age, freedom of information also encompasses the right to access digital data. Governments are increasingly adopting open data policies, making large datasets publicly available online.
Challenges and Barriers: Despite laws and policies, accessing information can sometimes be challenging due to bureaucratic hurdles, lack of resources, or non-compliance by public bodies.
International Standards: The right to information is recognized in international human rights law. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights affirm the right to seek, receive, and impart information.
Role in Combating Corruption: Access to information is a powerful tool in combating corruption, as it allows for greater scrutiny of government actions and helps to expose malfeasance and mismanagement.
Public Interest Disclosure: Freedom of information supports the concept of whistleblowing, where individuals in public service can disclose information about illegal or unethical activities without fear of retaliation.
Freedom of information is an essential right in democratic societies, facilitating transparency, accountability, and an informed citizenry. It supports the fundamental principles of good governance and is key to the effective functioning of democracy.